Technical Textiles History, Technology and Types

Technical Textiles History, Technology and TypesTechnical Textiles CourseworkIn archaeozoic years, the stuff manuf dissembleuring was primarily set up as apparel and fashion industry. As human advanced, the industry expanded into scientific and technological sector. That defined a new role for materials and it led the industry to adapt and further develop new applications. It is now known as new field of textile proficient or industrial textile 1. exposition of technical textile correspond Textile call and definitions 2 Technical textiles are defined as textile materials products make primarily for their technical performance and in operation(p) properties, rather than for their aesthetic and decorative it characteristics.History of technical textileTechnical textile sector started growing with the production of synthetic yarn in the early 1900s. Before that, chemically treated vivid fibres were utilize to master desired properties of the technical fabric.Manufacturer s too developed special technologies much(prenominal) as various twist and nonwoven techniques. It resulted into fast growth of high performance fibres/yarn. Production proceeded with notable characteristics such(prenominal) as 1) High resistance to temperature and chemicals and 2) Enhanced mechanical properties.Raw material for technical textilesThe most desirable form of raw material is fibre, yarn or fabric.At present, most of the technical textiles are made of high-performance synthetic fibre that gives an officefulness to technical textiles in many ways for e.g. cost, performance and durability. However, Raw materials have channeld over the time according to the application3.Natural staple fibreSynthetic string yarnCotton yarnJute yarnFlax yarnCoir yarn or ropePolyester PolypropyleneAramid, Glass and CarbonHDPE (High Density PolyEthylene) UHMWPE (Ultra high molecular cant polyethylene)PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)PBI (poly benzimidazole)PBO (polyphenylene benzo iso xazole)Technology employ for manufacturing of technical textileOut of diversified operations, prominent processes used for technical textiles are4KnittingWeavingBraidingNonwovenTuftingOther than this, new manufacturing techniques to promote technical textile are as listed be secondary. Most of these processes are used in combination to produce assorted fabrics.Thermo-forming3D (Three Dimensional) Weaving3D KnittingFabrics Produced Using NanotechnologyHeat-set Synthetics finishing Treatments (Coating and lamination)Handmade elements such as Stitch/AppliquClassification of technical textile there are below mentioned 12 categories for technical textiles that exist 5,No. kinsfolkSymbol Target IndustryExample products1AgrotechAgriculture, forestry, horticulture and landscape gardening.Various pillow slips of nets such as Bird security measures, Anti-hail and Fishing nets. Also, mats or ground copes2Buildtech membrane like and lightweight solid structures.Architectural membranes, Awn ings or canopies, Floor covering, Hoardings and Scaffolding nets3ClothtechThe Latest developments in shoe and clothing manufacturing.Elastic narrow fabrics, latch loop tape fasteners, Labels, Sewing threads, Shoelaces and Umbrella fabrics4GeotechRoad construction, civil engineering products.Geo variants of composites, grids, mats, membranes and nets.5HometechFurniture, upholstery, floor coverings and carpets.Window blinds, Carpet backing cloths, Filter fabrics for vacuum cleaner and HVAC filters.6IndutechMechanical engineering and for the chemical and electrical industries.Absorbent glass mat, battery separators, Coating abrasives, Composites, Computer printer ribbon, Conveyor Drive belts.7MedtechMedical and hygiene products.Artificial organs, heart valves and joints. Also, Baby diapers, Contact lenses and Sanitary napkins.8MobiltechShip and aircraft construction, other automobiles.Automobile interior carpets, airbags, Car upholstery seat cover body covers and helmets.9Oekotech Environmental protection, waste disposal and recycling.Filter arrangings (air/ piddle), Landfill textiles, Soil seals, Textile drainage systems and Erosion prevention systems10PacktechPackaging, covering and transportation industry. whippy intermediate bulk containers, Jute products, sacks, Leno bags, and Soft luggage.11ProtechPersonal and property protection.Bulletproof jackets, burning flame retardant apparel fabrics, High altitude visibility clothing,12SportechDifferent sport and leisure activities.Artificial turf, Parachute fabrics, Sail cloths, Sleeping bags and SwimwearDetailed information on three applications1 protective textile (protech)Protective textiles are made from textile-based material to protect the user from various hazard and critical conditions, which could affect on person life. Mostly used in civil, military, hospitals and manufacturing industries6.selection factors for designingClothing configuration of components and optionsSizesEase of pull on and take offClothing constructionSpace for other selected ensemble equipmentComfort and breastwork of mobilitySelection type of protection according to the surrounding.Fibres used for makingMeta-Para aramids for high resistance to tear and tensile strengthWool viscose polyamide for repellency of resolve metal, heat insulation and transparency.Glass fibre for High resistance and insulation.Modacrylic cotton for electric arc flash protection, comfort and flame-resistant. it can also be used as efficient skin friendly and antistatic fibre.Polyamide for extreme resistance and low ageingHigh-performance polyolefin fibreTypes of Protective TextilesBallistic Protection GarmentsGarments construct under this category are under high standards by the different government authorities (for e.g. NIJ and HOSDB -) on the basis of type and the level of a terror produced by a projectile.Fibres used for manufacturing these segment are normally very efficient to protect against penetration of sharp object. They are able to absorb a high amount of energy due to their high modules elasticity tenacity and low density. Most of the bullet resistant armor uses multiple layers of woven fabric. A higher number of layers define the degree of protection.Hard armor has ceramic or metal plate with polymer backings, which prevents a body from the force of projectile and brittle fragmentation of the plate.Soft body armor is mainly used for lower ballistic threat or cut resistance from knives, needles and Sharpe objects. Close weave with engage lamination and abrasive coating are normally used to improve penetration resistance.Physical requirements of the fabricHigh durability and dimensional stabilitylightweight and low bulk goodly handle and drapeLow noise emissionwww.securityprousa.comhttp//www.smgroupindia.com/http//c8.alamy.comDOYENTRONTEX Bulletproof (http//www.bjtyz.com)www.safeguardarmour.co.ukhttp//www.worldmilitary.orgBlunt Impact Protection TextilesSuch textiles protect the wearer agai nst injuries produced by heart-to-heart impacts.For the people involved in corrections and military troops, the protection against blunt impact threats can be a matter of survival.Technical standard for such fabrics are established over the years by government agencies. A balance is required between protection and functionality to have good flexibility and mobility for user.Good air circulation underneath the PPE suit can protect users against heat stroke or hyperthermia.This includes protection from vehicle accidents, falls, and physical assaults with weapons like bats and metal bars. pressing Hazard ProtectionUsed for protection against extremely high and low external pressures such as deep sea diving, space and fighter aircraft. to the full air impermeable suits and can harbour extreme conditions and they have a dedicated air supply support system.Generally, these suits are made using the textile materials such as Nylon tricot knitted fabric, Spandex, Urethane-coated Nylon, Dac ron, Neoprene-coated Nylon, Mylar, Gortex, Kevlar, Nomex.Environmental Hazard ProtectionGenerally used for survival and operation in temperatures below-30 C. Such garments are multi-layered and consist ofNon-absorbent midland layerMiddle insulating layer capable of trapping air but permeable to moistureAn outer layer that is impermeable to wind and peeFire Hazard ProtectionFlame resistance in fabrics are produced using flame resistant materials and fibres such as,NomexPolyamide PolypropyleneKevlarCarbonGlassPropane treated cottonPolyesterModacrylicFire Fighters clothing contains a flame resistant inner layer with moisture and thermal barrier lining.Outer Casing provides flame , thermal and mechanical resistance.This layer must be suitable for all climatic conditions. The moisture barrier to keep the firefighter dry and must prevent water penetration.The thermal barrier provides the main protection against heat.Chemical and Biological Hazard ProtectionSuch protective textiles saf eguard the human body from direct march with hazardous substances such as bacteria and chemicals. These textiles are used in the following instancesEmergency chemical and biological hazard responseHandling of chemical wasteAcid baths and other treatments in electronics manufacturingEquipment leaks or failuresHandling of liquid chemicals in manufacturingApplication of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals.A typical chemical and biological protective textile consist of 3 main componentsA textile outer layer(woven or non-woven)An inner layer of protective materialTextile facing fabric.There are 4 types of protective materials with their different capabilitiesAir- permeable materialsSemipermeable materialsSelectively permeable materials (SPMS) (Protective barrier to chemicals, allow only moisture from body to menstruum out)Impermeable materialsElectrical Hazard ProtectionElectrical hazards includeElectromagnetic protectionElectrostatic protectionSuch protective garments shall c onsist of conductive fibres such ascarbon fibre,synthetic fibres,metal fibres with carbon core andconductive polymer.Another method like coating or laminating can be use for manufacturing this kind of fabric. The fabric with high electrical conductivity materials or application of conductive finish to the fabric2 Agriculture Textile (Agrotech)The word Agro textiles is used to classify the fabrics which are useful for agricultural and horticultural including livestock protection, shading, weed and insect control, and extension of the growing season.These products are mostly used for crop protection and yield enhancement. They help to control environmental factors like temperature, water and humidity and also prevents damage to agro products from wind, rain and birds.Technology used for agro textilesThere are different forms of agro textiles available such asNetsSheetsWovenNonwovensKnittedCoatedFibres usedSynthetic as well as natural fibres are used in agro textiles. Fibres used in ag ro textiles are as followsPolyolefin NylonPolyester PolyethylenePolypropyleneJute WoolAmongst natural fibres jute and wool are used. After some time they degrade and act as a natural fertilizer.Agrotech application areaProductsAgricultureSunlight, Wind and weed protection, water retention, Physical damage protection.AquacultureFish and anti-fouling nets, ultraviolet illumination radiation therapy Protection.HorticultureUltraviolet radiation, Wind, bird and insect protection.ForestrySoil and weed protection for tree plantationsAnimal HusbandryBelts of polyester and nylon material for animals identificationFiltering of milk in an automatic milking system bring up to reduce the mud on cattle paths and trailsProperties of Agro textilesBelow mentioned properties are required in selection of agro textile such as,Must have resistance to micro-organismsAgro textile are normally used in a moist environment prone to growth of microorganism hence it should be resistant to prevent destruction .Should withstand solar radiationThey are placed over the cultivated areas instantly after sowing or planting. Hence, For such application, it has to withstand change in temperature.Withstands ultraviolet radiationTo prevent degradation of molecular chains of man-made fibres caused by UV rays, they are treated with the suitable UV stabilizers.BiodegradabilityNatural fibres are used to achieve biodegradability. It gives the advantage of bio-degradation but has low service life when compared to the synthetics.High potential to retain waterThis is achieved by super-absorber fibre materials which allow holding high amounts of water for longer duration.Protection propertyProtection from the wind, temperature and humidity and to maintain desired condition of climate a micro-climate between ground and textile material has been created, which results in favourable condition for earlier harvestsDimensional stabilityThis property prevents the fabric to loosen up epoch it is being used, as th e loosening or change in dimensions of the material may lead to non-usability of the materialFlexibilityTo allow the usage of agro textiles in variable areas and places3 Packaging Textile( Packteck) Packtech includes several flexible boxing materials made of textile used for packing various goods for industrial, agricultural, consumer and other goods. It ranges from polymer based bags used for industrial packing to jute based sacks used for packaging food grains and packaging used for tea7.SacsFertiliser, sand, cement, sugar, flour to dyestuffsWrapping and protection applicationsTea and coffee bagsNonwoven insertKnitted net packagingSilos, containersCanvas covers, marquee tents.The technology used for packtechThere are different forms of packaging available such asNetsSheetsWovenNonwovensKnittedCoatedFibres usedSynthetic as well as natural fibres are used in packtech. Fibres used in packteck are as followsNylonPolyesterPolyethylene or high-density polyethylene(HDPE)Polypropylene (P P)JutecottonPolyolefin Woven SacksWoven sacks are manufactured out of PP/HDPE materials. These are laminated or non-laminated, ultraviolet stabilised TiO2, CaCO2 or anti-slip coated.They have following advantages,Higher Strength,Light Weight,Minimal Leakage,Moisture ProofDurable fit for reusePolyolefin (HDPE/PP) woven sacks are one of the packing materials used widely in the packing of cement, fertilisers, thermo plastic raw materials, food grains, sugar, Fertilisers, Chemicals, Food Grains, Cattle Feed, Salt. plastic Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC)FIBCs are similar to the HDPE/PP bags but that of a larger size. FIBCs are cost effective and ideal type of packaging. It is used for storage and merchant marine of dry bulk products. It is produced from tubular or flat PP woven fabrics. such fabrics can be coated or uncoated and they vary in terms of weights depending upon the requirements of the Safe Working Load (SWL), or Safety Factor (SF).Leno BagsLeno bags are excellent for pac king preserving material for and fruits. The Leno bags have widths between 20cm to 72cm. The mesh again is as per requirement with a maximum of 574 tapes in the warp in different colours. Leno bags on an average weigh 50g (or less). Leno bags have extra ordinary chemical and mechanical properties.Wrapping FabricWrapping fabric is made out of HDPE/PP, cotton canvas, etc. The fabric is available in roll form and can be installed on automatic machines. These fabrics are widely used in industries.Soft LuggageSoft luggage is made out of woven fabrics like nylon and polyester. It includes uprights, totes and duffle bag bags which available with or without wheels and handles. Due to cost effectiveness and lightweight, more and more people are shifting from hard luggage to soft goods.Jute jackbootJute Hessian (Burlap) is quality jute and is widely used since years. it is suitable for variety range of goods. Hessian is used for bags. Currently, shopping bags are being made out of hessian fabrics. It is also used in the upholstery and home furniture. A plain woven fabric made of 100% Jute with single warp and weft interwoven weight of fabric is less than 576 GSM. Hessian fabrics are lighter than sacking fabrics. Jute bagging material is mainly use due to openness of the weave which allows air to circulate while protecting the substances. Sacking bags, specifically it is use for storage agro-based products.Tea BagsTea bags consist of a filter paper pouch with a thread, which holds the tea gunpowder and a tag. The filter paper is made with a blend of wood and vegetable fibres. Heat-sealed tea bag paper usually has a heat-sealable thermoplastic materials such as PVC or polypropylene, inner side of tea bags are made from 100% nonwoven technical textile surface. The filter paper with 12-17 GSM non-woven material is use. The heat-sealing type tea bag paper is of 16.5 to 17 GSM approx. while the non-heat-sealed tea bag paper is around 12-13 GSM.Recent development and marke t of technical textileAccording to techtextil, the technical textiles market is expected to hit 175 billion US-Dollars by 2020, almost doubling from 93 billion US-Dollars in 2000. Technical textiles account for 27% of worldwide fabric production8.Some example of modern textile fibre fabrics areBreathable artificial fabricsUltra-lightweight high-stretch synthetic fibres,Thin light reflective fabrics,Hollow fibres intermix fibresUltra micro fibres.3-D structured fabrics.Metallic textilesExtreme SportswearThis exquisite fabric.Phase change materials.Electronic textiles are normally known as the e-textiles or smart textiles. Here are some examples of this type of textileSports shoesWearable computer jacketsWarning vestsPhotonic textiles for innovative lighting solutionsWearable E-Health systemElectronic Textiles to Help Battlefield MedicsGlobal positioning system (GPS) jackets.Reference Technical Textile Overview History, Classification, Technology, Market, End Uses. Technicaltextil e.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.The Textile Institute, textile terms and definition, tenth edition, Textile institute, Manchester, 1994.Yarns Used In Technical Textiles. http//www.indiantextilejournal.com. N.p., 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.Horrocks, A. Richard. Handbook Of Technical Textiles. 1st ed. Abington The Textile Institute, 2008. Print.Frankfurt, Messe. Application Areas. Techtextil. messefrankfurt.com. N. p., 2017. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.Scott, Richard A. Textiles For Protection. 1st ed. Cambridge Woodhead Pub., 2005. Print.Knowledge Documents, Technicaltextiles.Gov.In. Technicaltextile.gov.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 18 Mar. 2017.2016 assoil Markets Report-Technical Textile. http//trade.gov/topmarkets/pdf/Textiles_Top_Markets_Report.pdf. N. p., 2017. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.